Wolemba a José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - Zomangira za polyethylene zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndizodziwika bwino pakusunga malo otayirako, migodi, madzi oyipa, ndi magawo ena ofunikira.Zosakambidwa pang'ono koma kuwunika koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa carbon footprint komwe HDPE geomembranes imapereka motsutsana ndi zotchinga zachikhalidwe monga dongo loumbika.
Chombo cha HDPE cha 1.5mm (60-mil) chingapereke chisindikizo chofanana ndi 0.6m ya dongo lapamwamba, lofanana ndi lopangidwa ndi dongo ndipo limapereka mphamvu yocheperapo kuposa 1 x 10-11 m / sec (pa ASTM D 5887).HDPE geomembrane pambuyo pake imadutsa miyeso yonse yosasunthika komanso yokhazikika pamene munthu ayang'ana mbiri yonse ya sayansi, poganizira zazinthu zonse ndi mphamvu pakupanga dongo ndi HDPE geomembranes kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chotchinga chotchinga.
Njira ya geosynthetic imapereka, monga momwe deta ikusonyezera, njira yothetsera chilengedwe.
CARBON FOOTPRINT & HDPE GEOMEMBRANE NKHANI
Chigawo chachikulu cha HDPE ndi monomer ethylene, yomwe imapangidwa ndi polyethylene.Zothandizira kwambiri ndi aluminium trialkylitatanium tetrachloride ndi chromium oxide.
The polymerization wa ethylene ndi co-monomers mu HDPE kumachitika riyakitala pamaso pa haidrojeni pa kutentha kwa 110 ° C (230 ° F).Zotsatira zake za ufa wa HDPE umadyetsedwa mu pelletizer.
SOTRAFA imagwiritsa ntchito calandred system (flat die) kupanga HDPE geomembrane yake yoyamba (ALVATECH HDPE) kuchokera pama pellets awa.
Chizindikiritso cha GHG ndi CO2 Zofanana
Mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe ukuphatikizidwa pakuwunika kwathu kwa kaboni anali ma GHG oyambilira omwe amaganiziridwa pama protocol awa: carbon dioxide, methane, ndi nitrous oxide.Mpweya uliwonse uli ndi mphamvu ya Global Warming Potential (GWP) yosiyana, yomwe ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kumathandizira kutentha kwa dziko kapena kusintha kwa nyengo.
Carbon dioxide ndi matanthauzo aperekedwa ndi GWP ya 1.0.Kuphatikizira mochulukira zopereka za methane ndi nitrous oxide pakukhudzidwa konse, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa methane ndi nitrous oxide kumachulukitsidwa ndi zinthu zawo za GWP kenako ndikuwonjezeredwa ku mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide kuti uwerengere kuchuluka kwa "carbon dioxide wofanana" kutulutsa.Pazolinga za nkhaniyi, ma GWP adatengedwa kuchokera ku mfundo zomwe zalembedwa mu malangizo a EPA a 2010 US "Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions."
Ma GWPs a ma GHG amaganiziridwa pakuwunikaku:
Mpweya wa Dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Pogwiritsa ntchito ma GWPs achibale a GHGs, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofanana ndi carbon dioxide (CO2eq) kunawerengedwa motere:
makilogalamu CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = makilogalamu CO2 eq
Lingaliro: Mphamvu, madzi, ndi zinyalala zomwe zimachokera ku zopangira (mafuta kapena gasi) popanga ma pellets a HDPE kenako ndikupanga geomembrane HDPE:
5 mm wandiweyani HDPE geomembrane, ndi kachulukidwe 940 Kg/m3
Mpweya wa carbon wa HDPE ndi 1.60 Kg CO2/kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (zotsalira ndi zophatikizika) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Mayendedwe a Assumption: 15.6 m2 / lori, 1000 km kuchokera kufakitale kupita ku malo antchito
15 kg CO2/gal dizilo x gal/3,785 malita = 2.68 Kg CO2/lita dizilo
26 g N2O/gal dizilo x gal/3,785 malita x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/lita dizilo
44 g CH4/gal dizi x gal/3,785 malita x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/lita dizilo
1 lita imodzi ya dizilo = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
Utsi wonyamula katundu wagalimoto pa Road:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/tani-mile
Kumene:
E = Chiwerengero chonse cha CO2 chofanana ndi mpweya (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles Anayenda
EF CO2 = CO2 emission factor (0.297 kg CO2/ton-mile)
EF CH4 = CH4 emission factor (0.0035 gr CH4/tani-mile)
EF N2O = N2O emission factor (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mile)
Kusintha kukhala Metric Units:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mile x 1.102 tons/tani x mailo/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/tonne‐km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/tani-km
Kumene:
E = Chiwerengero chonse cha CO2 chofanana ndi mpweya (Kg)
TKT = tonne - makilomita Oyenda.
Distance from Manufacturing Plant (Sotrafa) to Job Site (Hypothetical) = 1000 km
Kulemera kwagalimoto yonyamula katundu: 15,455 kg/lori + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94/thiraki = 37,451 kg/thiraki
641 galimoto / ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/galimoto x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 galimoto/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/tonne‐km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Chidule cha Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Carbon Footprint
NKHANI ZA COMPACTED CLAY LIRS NDI MAPAZI AKE A CARBON
Zomangira zadothi zomangika zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbiri yakale ngati zotchinga m'madamu amadzi komanso malo osungira zinyalala.Zomwe zimafunikira pakuwongolera zingwe zadongo zophatikizika ndi makulidwe osachepera 0.6 m, okhala ndi ma hydraulic conductivity a 1 x 10-11 m / sec.
Njira: Dongo pobwereketsa amafukulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira, zomwe zimakwezanso zinthuzo pamagalimoto otaya ma tri-axle kuti azinyamulira kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito.Galimoto iliyonse imaganiziridwa kuti ili ndi mphamvu ya 15 m3 ya dothi lotayirira.Pogwiritsa ntchito compaction factor ya 1.38, akuti pangafunike malo okwana 550 odzaza dothi kuti apange dothi lolimba la 0.6m padera la hekitala imodzi.
Mtunda wochokera ku malo obwereketsa kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito, ndithudi, umadalira pa malo enieni ndipo ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri.Pazolinga za kusanthula uku, mtunda wa 16 km (10 miles) unkaganiziridwa.Mayendedwe kuchokera ku dongo lobwereka gwero ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ndi gawo lalikulu la mpweya wonse wa carbon.Kukhudzika kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa kaboni pakusintha pakusintha kwatsambali kumawunikidwa apa.
Chidule cha Compacted Clay Liner Carbon Footprint
MAWU OTSIRIZA
Ngakhale ma geomembranes a HDPE azisankhidwa nthawi zonse kuti agwire ntchito isanakwane phindu la carbon footprint, kuwerengera komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano kumathandiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la geosynthetic pazifukwa zokhazikika motsutsana ndi njira zina zomanga zomwe wamba.
Ma geomembranes monga ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm adzafotokozedwa chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwamankhwala, mphamvu zamakina, ndi moyo wautali wautumiki;koma tiyeneranso kutenga nthawi kuti tizindikire kuti nkhaniyi imapereka mlingo wa carbon footprint womwe ndi 3x wotsika kuposa dongo lopangidwa.Ngakhale mutayang'ana dongo labwino komanso malo obwereka pa mtunda wa makilomita 16 okha kuchokera pamalo a polojekiti, HDPE geomembranes yochokera ku mtunda wa makilomita 1000 imaposa dongo loumbika pamlingo wina wa carbon footprint.
Kuchokera ku: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-28-2022